Mainstream Media Ignores Domestic Oil Production Success

Here is another example of the great success of a combination of excellent science, (geology), and engineering (horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing).  Outside of the relatively small oil and gas industry, few know of this boom and great accomplishment.  This is virtually ignored by the mainstream media.  Why is that?
Peter

Experts deliver another round of Eagle Ford bullishness

Posted on May 17, 2012 at 6:48 am by Vicki Vaughan in Fracking, Natural Gas

source: http://fuelfix.com/blog/2012/05/17/experts-deliver-another-round-of-eagle-ford-bullishness/?goback=%2Egde_2455924_member_116243916

Welding crews are busy laying pipelines such as this one east of Karnes City, Texas in order to get oil and gas extracted from the Eagle Ford shale formation to market. Pipelines are critical because hauling by truck is more expensive. JOHN DAVENPORT/jdavenport@express-news.net

SAN ANTONIO – The development of the Eagle Ford shale continues to prompt dazzling assessments and predictions from experts, who said at an energy symposium Wednesday that in four years, the oil-rich formation could become the nation’s second-most productive shale play.

Production in the Eagle Ford could reach 1 million barrels a day by 2016, said Trevor Sloan, director of energy research at ITG Investment Research in Calgary, Alberta.

“So the growth rate out of there would be pretty spectacular,” he said.

But before production can reach that level, some problems have to be solved.

About 1,400 Eagle Ford wells are waiting to be completed or to be tied into pipelines, ITG research shows. There are also shortages of crews and water and too few pipelines.

Once the problems of getting the oil and natural gas to market are gone, production from the Eagle Ford could double, and “the Eagle Ford would be the second-largest producing area if you could bring all those to market,” Sloan said.

The Bakken shale in the western U.S. is No. 1.

His remarks were addressed to a crowd of more than 100 at the seventh annual Energy Symposium, sponsored by South Texas Money Management Ltd. The event focused on natural gas, oil and the effect of geopolitics on oil and gas development.

There are about 240 rigs now in the shale, a tenfold increase from January 2010, according to ITG research.

The Eagle Ford produced 30.5 million barrels of oil in 2011, up from 4.4 million barrels in 2010, Texas Railroad Commission figures show. Natural gas production rose to 243 billion cubic feet in 2011, compared with 108 billion cubic feet in 2010.

“It’s truly historic what’s happened,” said Jeanie Wyatt, CEO of South Texas Money Management.

By mid-2013, pipeline expansions will relieve most of the bottlenecks in the Eagle Ford, and more crews are being hired to complete wells. There’s still a shortage of water for fracturing, but some operators are treating brackish water, said Manuj Nikhanj, managing director and head of energy research at ITG.

The nation faces a glut of natural gas, so companies are moving into the oil-rich parts of the Eagle Ford, Nikhanj said. But the Eagle Ford is blessed because, in contrast to many other U.S. shale plays, it is richer in oil and oil-rich liquids.

“Natural gas is a victim of its own success,” Nikhanj said.

Natural gas closed at $2.618 per million British thermal units on Wednesday. Peter Zeihan, vice president of analysis at Strategic Forecasting, doesn’t expect the price of natural gas to exceed $6 per million British thermal units over the next decade.

Amy Myers Jaffe, fellow in energy studies at the Baker Institute at Rice University and an expert on the geopolitics of oil, titled her talk “Adios OPEC,” saying that the U.S. is headed toward an energy renaissance.

“The center of the energy world is moving back to the Americas,” she said, in part because she doesn’t foresee a big increase in production from the Middle East that many have expected.

With increasing oil production in this nation, the price of oil might come down somewhat, Jaffe said, but it isn’t likely to go below $70 a barrel. That’s because of jitters over the uprisings and unrest in the Arab world. In addition, hostilities between Israel and Iran aren’t going away.

Still, the price of oil continues to decline amid expectations that world markets will be flush with extra supplies this year.

Prices fell Wednesday as a report showed that U.S. crude supplies had climbed to the highest level in 22 years. Supplies grew last week by 2.1 million barrels, according to the Energy Information Administration. That’s a bigger increase than analysts expected, and more could be on the way.

Benchmark U.S. crude on Wednesday fell $1.17 to finish at a seven-month low of $92.81 per barrel in New York. Oil is down nearly 13 percent since the beginning of May.

Brent crude, which helps set the price of oil imported into the U.S., fell by $1.70 to finish at $109.75 per barrel in London.

Japan’s Kyodo news agency reported that the U.S. will ask other countries to release spare oil reserves when the Group of Eight meets this Friday. The report follows rumors earlier this year that Western nations were planning a coordinated release of spare supplies.

White House officials wouldn’t comment about the report.

“Shale has given us the upper hand,” Jaffe said, but it’s important to extract the oil and gas in an environmentally responsible way, or bans on hydraulic fracturing could result.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.

vvaughan@express-news.net

There Is A Lot More To It Than Just Fracking

Town's Effort To Link Fracking And Illness Falls Short

May 16, 2012

by: Jon Hamilton

source: http://app1.kuhf.org/articles/npr1337205011-Towns-Effort-To-Link-Fracking-And-Illness-Falls-Short.html?goback=%2Egde_107790_member_116268232

Many residents of Dish, Texas, blame the fracking operations that surround their tiny town for a host of health problems - from nosebleeds to cancer. The former mayor was so scared, he left town. But scientists who've studied Dish say there's not enough evidence to link natural gas operations to any illness.

Quite a few of the 225 people who live in Dish, Texas, think the nation's natural gas boom is making them sick.

They blame the chemicals used in gas production for health problems ranging from nosebleeds to cancer.
And the mayor of Dish, Bill Sciscoe, has a message for people who live in places where gas drilling is about to start: "Run. Run as fast as you can. Grab up your family and your belongings, and get out."
But scientists say it's just not clear whether pollutants from gas wells are hurting people in Dish or anywhere else. What is clear, they say, is that the evidence the town has presented so far doesn't have much scientific heft.

Science And The Fracking Boom: Missing Answers

Explore key components of the natural gas production process - and the questions scientists are asking.

NPR
View Interactive

'This Place Was Absolutely Beautiful'
To understand why people in Dish feel the way they do, it helps to look at a satellite image of the tiny town about 35 miles north of Fort Worth.
From above, you see an odd patchwork: ranch-style homes and green pastures interspersed with industrial lots filled with gas wells, compressors, storage tanks and metering stations.

A visit to Dish fills in the details.
In most parts of town, it's hard to miss the sulfurous odor of escaping gas or the rumble of compressor engines big enough to power a locomotive.
Mayor Sciscoe has agreed to give me a tour of Dish and explain why he thinks natural gas production is bad for residents' health. He's an imposing guy who meets me dressed in black cowboy boots, a black sport jacket and aviator sunglasses.
Sciscoe has been in charge of Dish since last year, when the previous mayor and his family actually did leave town to get away from the drilling.
Gas wells weren't always a part of the landscape, Sciscoe says. There weren't any when he arrived in 1987.

"This place was absolutely beautiful," he says. "It was serene. It was very quiet, very clean. I raised five children here," including two who became Marines.
But in 2005, two things happened to the town, which was named Clark at the time.
First, Clark became Dish as part of a deal to get free satellite TV service from the Dish network.
Second, energy companies arrived and began drilling lots of gas wells. The wells were made possible by a technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, which released natural gas trapped in the hard shale a mile underground.

'A Who's Who Toxic Chemical Mix'
To explain how profound that change has been, Sciscoe brings me to the biggest thing in Dish. It's a swath of gas wells and heavy equipment that stretches for a quarter-mile at the town's southern border. Sciscoe says emissions from this site are a big problem.
"It's just a who's who toxic chemical mix," he says. "Pretty much all of those items that you get from petroleum products are spewing into the air in this area."
The town spent $15,000 on an air quality study several years ago. It found elevated levels of several chemicals including benzene. But since then, energy companies have made some changes, and an air monitoring station installed by the state has shown that pollution levels are generally within government limits.
Dish also got state health officials to come and check residents' blood and urine for toxins. The officials say they found no cause for concern, though Sciscoe disagrees.
It's pretty clear people in Dish have been hurt, he says.
"There's not a lot of residents right around this facility. But within a quarter of a mile, half a mile of this facility, there's been six people die of cancer here," he says. "And so do I think this is a concern? Yes I do."
So why don't scientists see it that way?

Health Effects: What Would It Take To Know For Sure?
To find out, I make a visit to Brian Schwartz, an environmental epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.
I ask him what it would take to figure out whether there really is a link between gas operations around Dish and those people with cancer.
"You can't," he says. "You can't study that right now because it takes about 20 years, let's say, for solid tumors to develop after exposure to a chemical. So if the drilling has happened in the last five years, I cannot answer the cancer question right now."
Even if more time had passed, Schwartz says, he would still need to link each type of cancer with a chemical known to cause that cancer.

Explore Shale: Go deep inside the natural gas drilling process - and how it's regulated - in this interactive from Penn State Public Broadcasting.

Leukemia, for example, might be caused by exposure to benzene. But breast cancer isn't.
Another problem is that most so-called cancer clusters are random events, Schwartz says. They're not caused by anything in the environment.
"If I take a shotgun and I blast it against that wall, there will be a random pattern of holes in the wall, right?" he says. "And I could draw a circle around three or four or five that look to be a bit more densely packed than all the other ones."
But it would still be a cluster caused purely by chance.
Of course, cancer is just one of the concerns in Dish. Residents are also worried about immune diseases, reproductive problems and a wide range of symptoms.
The town's previous mayor, Calvin Tillman, became alarmed when his two boys started getting nosebleeds. They seemed to occur when the odors of gas were strongest and air quality monitoring showed higher levels of chemicals, Tillman says.

Then one night his younger son had a really bad nosebleed.
"Our house literally looked like a murder scene," Tillman says. "There was blood down the wall and in the hallway. And I got up the next morning to go to work, and my wife said, 'That is it.' And at that moment we decided we've got to move out of here."

Tillman and his family moved off the shale, to a town called Aubrey, Texas. Tillman knows that's just one family's story. But he says he documented others several years earlier when he had Dish residents take a health survey asking whether they had experienced symptoms such as itchy eyes, a bloody nose or a scratchy throat.
"It came back that about half of the people that were polled had a symptom that could be related to one of the chemicals that we found in our air study," Tillman says.
Better Studies Are Needed
But the mere presence of a chemical isn't enough to show it caused a symptom, scientists say. You have to show that a person was exposed to a high enough concentration for a long enough period to cause itchy eyes or a scratchy throat.

And the Dish survey didn't do that, says Tom La Point, a toxicologist at the University of North Texas in Denton, about 15 miles east of Dish, and a member of a task force looking at the impact of gas drilling.
La Point says test results can be confusing because modern equipment is able to detect chemicals at levels far, far below those known to produce symptoms.

"I've had people get quite upset saying we can measure benzene," he says. "Well, yes we can measure benzene. But the concentrations are below the effect level. And that really means something. It really does."
Even if tests in Dish had shown enough of certain pollutants to cause health effects, there would still be another scientific hurdle, La Point says. Researchers would need to know whether the pollutant was coming from local gas operations or some other source - like vehicle tailpipes.
And that's hard to figure out in a place like Dish, which is in Denton County and gets a lot of air pollution from the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, La Point says.

"Ironically," La Point says, "even though we're not by any means the largest county in the metroplex, we have the worst air quality because the general winds bring it up from Dallas and Fort Worth," where the pollution from cars mixes with the pollution from gas operations.

Scientists are quick to caution that the problems with evidence from Dish do not show that gas drilling is safe for people who live near it. What the caveats show is that there is a pressing need for rigorous scientific studies, Schwartz says.

"When these areas are developed, thousands to tens of thousands of wells are drilled and fracked. So the magnitude is huge," he says. "And frankly, the development is way out ahead of public health evaluations of any kind to date."
That's not fair to the people in Dish or any other place in the country where drilling and fracking have got people worried, he says.

Copyright 2012 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.